Fluorosis is one of the many causes of enamel defects in primary (baby) and permanent teeth.
Enamel defects can appear as discoloured spots/patches/striations (white/cream/yellow/brown). The enamel surface may appear smooth and normal. When the enamel surface is dried, the discolouration may become more prominent. This type of defect is caused by enamel hypomineralisation (increased enamel porosity).
More severe enamel defects may appear as roughness, pitting or dimpling of the enamel surface. The enamel may be frosted and brittle and can chip off easily. These defects are called enamel hypoplasia (insufficient enamel deposition and growth).
Enamel hypomineralization is a cosmetic concern. Treatment can be carried out at any age where good cooperation is possible. The hypomineralised areas can be treated by resin infiltration (ICON) to fill in the enamel porosities. This would normally only be done for the permanent teeth.
Enamel hypoplasia may cause teeth sensitivity and increased risk of tooth decay because the pitted areas tend to break off and accumulate plaque. Severe cases may require full crowns to protect the weakened tooth. Severely broken and decayed teeth may need to be extracted.
