What measures can I take to prevent cataracts from developing?

First and foremost, permit me to put your mind at ease. Not wearing glasses in an adult does not have direct bearing on the stability of your refractive error. Any residual refractive error following LASIK or any other forms of laser refractive surgery (ReLEx SMILE or TransPRK) does not increase merely because the patient fails to wears spectacles. ICL is a potential consideration for patients whose corneas may be too thin or refractive errors too high for LASIK or any other forms of laser refractive surgery. ICL has been in use for over a decade now.

Yes: cataract surgery is safe for renal patients. Patients with the additional concern of diabetic macular edema (this is the most common and most important cause of visual decline in diabetic patients) needs more care in minimising the risk of worsening edema due to post surgery inflammation. I routinely perform cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia (no injection around the eye) of eye drops alone, so this is an even safer option for renal patients. I would however suggest that your dad schedule his dialysis session the day before surgery though.