Dr Henry has already provided an excellent summary to the different types of arthritis that can occur.
Just wanted to add that the cyst could be a simple ganglion from your computer use. Sometimes with excessive pressure, these can develop and the easiest way to manage them is simply to modify your activities.
You can certainly see a surgical colleague, but an alternative might be to see a primary care physician for a general assessment, including blood tests etc., before seeing a rheumatologist or MSK/Sports physician. Most of them will be able to look through your blood results and provide a same day ultrasound scan of your hands +/- treatments.
Hope things improve soon. Bw
Dr Dinesh
